Various ways by which P. falciparum parasite evades the immune system via secreted extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by infected red blood cells (iRBCs), as well as other host cells, are important regulators of the balance that determines the disease outcome. In addition, EVs constitute a robust mode of cell-to-cell communication by transferring signaling cargoes between parasites, and between parasites and host, without requiring cellular contact. The transfer of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA through EVs not only modulate the immune response, it also mediates cellular communication between parasites to synchronize the transmission stage. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding EV roles during malaria.

Implicating extracellular vesicles in Plasmodium falciparum

Role of Secretory Vesicles Derived from Plasmodium Infected Red

Exosome‐derived long noncoding RNAs: Mediators of host–Plasmodium

Frontiers Host-parasite interactions during Plasmodium infection

Malaria parasite DNA-harbouring vesicles activate cytosolic immune

Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Host-Pathogen

Invasion of Red Blood Cells by Malaria Parasites: Cell

Maturation and substrate processing topography of the Plasmodium

Pathogens, Free Full-Text

Factors influencing phagocytosis of malaria parasites: the story

Fast-Acting Small Molecules Targeting Malarial Aspartyl Proteases

Phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum by monocytes and neutrophils

Frontiers Mechanisms for Host Immune Evasion Mediated by

Unravelling mysteries at the perivascular space: a new rationale